Course Objectives

• Identify strategies for early recognition of sepsis.
• Examine prevention and treatment strategies for sepsis.

Course References

• New York State Department of Health (2018). Infection Control Training Syllabus. Retrieved from: https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/diseases/reporting/communicable/infection/out[…]pdates/docs/201

Course Objectives

• Define sepsis and its cause.
• Understand the importance of early detection.
• Recognize the signs and symptom of sepsis.
• Understand how to prevent and treatment sepsis.
• Understand its health impact on the community.

Course References

• Becker’s Clinical Leadership & Infection Control, (2018). Sepsis: a global public health burden for hospitals. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/quality/sepsis-a-global-public-health-burden-for-h
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2021). Sepsis: healthcare professional materials. https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/education/hcp-resources.html. Accessed June 2022.
• Siddharth, D., Choudhary, C., Duggal, A. (2020). Sepsis and septic shock: Guideline-based management. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 87 (1) 53-64; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.18143. A
• Prescott HC, Costa DK. Improving Long-Term Outcomes After Sepsis, (2018). Critical Care Clinics 34(1):175-188. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Oct 5. PMID: 29149939; PMCID: PMC5708876. Acces
• Kempker, JA. Sepsis is a preventable public health problem. Critical Care. 2018;22:116. https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-018-2048-3. Accessed June 2022
• Levy M, Evans L, Rhodes A. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundle: 2018 update. Critical Care Medicine. 2018;46(6):997-1000.
• Mayo Clinic. Sepsis, (2021). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sepsis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351214. Accessed June 2022.
• Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;345:1368‒1377. Schmidt G, Mandel J. Eval
• Sepsis Alliance. Post-sepsis syndrome. https://www.sepsis.org/life-after-sepsis/post-sepsis-syndrome/. Accessed June, 2022.
• World Health Organization (2020, August, 26). Sepsis. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sepsis. Accessed June 2022.

Course Objectives

• Describe diagnostic criteria to assess for end organ hypoperfusion
• Define sepsis and septic shock
• Review common causes that can trigger sepsis
• Review common causes that can trigger sepsis
• Identify potential risk factors in hospital settings
• List potential causes of nutritional status disorder in ICU septic patients
• Identify SCC key bundle recommendations

Course References

• Ceccato, A., & Torres, A. (2018). Sepsis and community-acquired pneumonia. Annals of Research Hospitals, 2(7), Article 7. http://arh.amegroups.com/article/view/4364
• Chen, P.-Y., Luo, C.-W., Chen, M.-H., Yang, M.-L., & Kuan, Y.-H. (2019). Epidemiological Characteristics of Postoperative Sepsis. Open Medicine, 14, 928-938. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2019-0110
• Commereuc, M., Nevoret, C., Radermacher, P., Katsahian, S., Asfar, P., Schortgen, F., & HYPER2S investigators. (2019). Hyperchloremia is not associated with AKI or death in septic shock patients: Resu
• Dewitte, A., Lepreux, S., Villeneuve, J., Rigothier, C., Combe, C., Ouattara, A., & Ripoche, J. (2017). Blood platelets and sepsis pathophysiology: A new therapeutic prospect in critical ill patients?
• Dugar, S., Choudhary, C., & Duggal, A. (2020). Sepsis and septic shock: Guideline-based management. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 87(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.18143
• Ferrer, R., Martin-Loeches, I., Phillips, G., Osborn, T. M., Townsend, S., Dellinger, R. P., Artigas, A., Schorr, C., & Levy, M. M. (2014). Empiric Antibiotic Treatment Reduces Mortality in Severe Sep
• Florescu, D. F., & Kalil, A. C. (2014). The complex link between influenza and severe sepsis. Virulence, 5(1), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.27103
• Garcia-Alvarez, M., Marik, P., & Bellomo, R. (2014). Sepsis-associated hyperlactatemia. Critical Care, 18(5), 503. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-014-0503-3
• Hamzaoui, O., & Shi, R. (2020). Early norepinephrine use in septic shock. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 12(Suppl 1), S72-S77. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.12.50
• Hariri, G., Joffre, J., Leblanc, G., Bonsey, M., Lavillegrand, J.-R., Urbina, T., Guidet, B., Maury, E., Bakker, J., & Ait-Oufella, H. (2019). Narrative review: Clinical assessment of peripheral tissu
• HealthManagement.org. (n.d.). Radiology Management, ICU Management, Healthcare IT, Cardiology Management, Executive Management. HealthManagement. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://healthmanagement.o
• In Vivo Imaging of Septic Encephalopathy | IntechOpen. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://www.intechopen.com/books/sepsis/in-vivo-imaging-of-septic-encephalopathy
• Jain, S., Benoit, S. R., Skarbinski, J., Bramley, A. M., Finelli, L., & 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Hospitalizations Investigation Team. (2012). Influenza-associated pneumonia among hospita
• Jain, S., Benoit, S. R., Skarbinski, J., Bramley, A. M., Finelli, L., & 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Hospitalizations Investigation Team. (2012). Influenza-associated pneumonia among hospita
• Kaukonen, K.-M., Bailey, M., Pilcher, D., Cooper, D. J., & Bellomo, R. (2015, April 22). Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria in Defining Severe Sepsis (world) [Research-article]. Http://D
• Lactate and lactic acidosis. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://acutecaretesting.org/en/articles/lactate-and-lactic-acidosis
• Levy, M. M., Evans, L. E., & Rhodes, A. (2018a). The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018 update. Intensive Care Medicine, 44(6), 925-928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5085-0
• Liu, V., Escobar, G. J., Greene, J. D., Soule, J., Whippy, A., Angus, D. C., & Iwashyna, T. J. (2014). Hospital deaths in patients with sepsis from 2 independent cohorts. JAMA, 312(1), 90-92. https://
• Lu, H., Wen, D., Wang, X., Gan, L., Du, J., Sun, J., Zeng, L., Jiang, J., & Zhang, A. (2019). Host genetic variants in sepsis risk: A field synopsis and meta-analysis. Critical Care, 23(1). https://do
• Marik, P. E. (2018). Steroids for sepsis: Yes, no or maybe. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 10(Suppl 9), S1070-S1073. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.04.35
• Marik, P. E., & Taeb, A. M. (2017). SIRS, qSOFA and new sepsis definition. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 9(4), 943-945-945. http://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/12738
• McGill, F., Heyderman, R. S., Michael, B. D., Defres, S., Beeching, N. J., Borrow, R., Glennie, L., Gaillemin, O., Wyncoll, D., Kaczmarski, E., Nadel, S., Thwaites, G., Cohen, J., Davies, N. W. S., Mi
• McLymont, N., & Glover, G. W. (2016). Scoring systems for the characterization of sepsis and associated outcomes. Annals of Translational Medicine, 4(24). https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2016.12.53
• Meningitis | About Bacterial Meningitis Infection | CDC. (2019, August 6). https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html
• Mok, K., Christian, M. D., Nelson, S., & Burry, L. (2014). Time to Administration of Antibiotics among Inpatients with Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 67(3),
• Novosad, S. A. (2016). Vital Signs: Epidemiology of Sepsis: Prevalence of Health Care Factors and Opportunities for Prevention. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65. https://doi.org/10.1558
• Nutrition in Sepsis: A Bench-to-Bedside Review. (n.d.-a). Retrieved May 3, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071318/
• Paoli, C. J., Reynolds, M. A., Sinha, M., Gitlin, M., & Crouser, E. (2018). Epidemiology and Costs of Sepsis in the United States-An Analysis Based on Timing of Diagnosis and Severity Level*. Critical
• Patel, J., & Taneja, A. (2016). Tempering Sepsis-induced Hyperbilirubinemia: Implications for Short- and Long-Term Outcomes. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193(10), 1183-1
• Porat, A., & Kesler, S. (2020). Urosepsis. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482344/
• Poston, J. T., & Koyner, J. L. (2019). Sepsis associated acute kidney injury. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 364, k4891. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4891
• Products-Data Briefs-Number 62-June 2011. (2019, June 10). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db62.htm
• Ramirez, J. A., Wiemken, T. L., Peyrani, P., Arnold, F. W., Kelley, R., Mattingly, W. A., Nakamatsu, R., Pena, S., Guinn, B. E., Furmanek, S. P., Persaud, A. K., Raghuram, A., Fernandez, F., Beavin, L
• Respiratory Wiki. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2020, from http://respwiki.com/Main_Page
• Rhodes, A., Evans, L. E., Alhazzani, W., Levy, M. M., Antonelli, M., Ferrer, R., Kumar, A., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Nunnally, M. E., Rochwerg, B., Rubenfeld, G. D., Angus, D. C., Annane, D.,
• Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., & Tomlanovich, M. (2001). Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. New
• Scala, R., Schultz, M., Bos, L. D. J., & Artigas, A. (2018). New Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines: Back to the art of medicine. European Respiratory Journal, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1183/1399300
• Semler, M. W., Self, W. H., Wanderer, J. P., Ehrenfeld, J. M., Wang, L., Byrne, D. W., Stollings, J. L., Kumar, A. B., Hughes, C. G., Hernandez, A., Guillamondegui, O. D., May, A. K., Weavind, L., Cas
• Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score. (n.d.). MDCalc. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://www.mdcalc.com/sequential-organ-failure-assessment-sofa-score
• Seymour, C. W., Liu, V. X., Iwashyna, T. J., Brunkhorst, F. M., Rea, T. D., Scherag, A., Rubenfeld, G., Kahn, J. M., Shankar-Hari, M., Singer, M., Deutschman, C. S., Escobar, G. J., & Angus, D. C. (20
• Shujaat, A., & Bajwa, A. A. (2012). Optimization of Preload in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock [Review Article]. Critical Care Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/761051
• Simmons, J., & Pittet, J.-F. (2015). The Coagulopathy of Acute Sepsis. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 28(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000163
• Singer, M., Deutschman, C. S., Seymour, C. W., Shankar-Hari, M., Annane, D., Bauer, M., Bellomo, R., Bernard, G. R., Chiche, J.-D., Coopersmith, C. M., Hotchkiss, R. S., Levy, M. M., Marshall, J. C.,
• Spapen, H. D., Jacobs, R., & Honoré, P. M. (2017). Sepsis-induced multi-organ dysfunction syndrome-A mechanistic approach. Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, 1(10), Article 10. https://d
• Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Okuda, J., Kurazumi, T., Suhara, T., Ueda, T., Nagata, H., & Morisaki, H. (2017). Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and β-adrenergic blockade therapy for sepsis. Journal of In
• Torio, C. M., & Moore, B. J. (2006). National Inpatient Hospital Costs: The Most Expensive Conditions by Payer, 2013: Statistical Brief #204. In Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statisti
• Wilson, J. X., & Young, G. B. (2003). Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Evolving concepts. 12.
• Wise, M. E., Scott, R. D., Baggs, J. M., Edwards, J. R., Ellingson, K. D., Fridkin, S. K., McDonald, L. C., & Jernigan, J. A. (2013). National Estimates of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infectio
• Zhai, R., Sheu, C. C., Su, L., Gong, M. N., Tejera, P., Chen, F., Wang, Z., Convery, M. P., Thompson, B. T., & Christiani, D. C. (2009). Serum bilirubin levels on ICU admission are associated with ARD

Course Objectives

• Identify strategies for early recognition of sepsis
• Examine prevention and treatment strategies for sepsis

Course References

• New York State Department of Health (2018). Infection Control Training Syllabus. Retrieved from: https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/diseases/reporting/communicable/infection/out[…]pdates/docs/201

Course Objectives

• Describe diagnostic criteria to assess for end organ hypoperfusion
• Define sepsis and septic shock
• Review common causes that can trigger sepsis
• Review common causes that can trigger sepsis
• Identify potential risk factors in hospital settings
• List potential causes of nutritional status disorder in ICU septic patients
• Identify SCC key bundle recommendations

Course References

• Ceccato, A., & Torres, A. (2018). Sepsis and community-acquired pneumonia. Annals of Research Hospitals, 2(7), Article 7. https://arh.amegroups.com/article/view/4364
• Chen, P.-Y., Luo, C.-W., Chen, M.-H., Yang, M.-L., & Kuan, Y.-H. (2019). Epidemiological Characteristics of Postoperative Sepsis. Open Medicine, 14, 928-938. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2019-0110
• Commereuc, M., Nevoret, C., Radermacher, P., Katsahian, S., Asfar, P., Schortgen, F., & HYPER2S investigators. (2019). Hyperchloremia is not associated with AKI or death in septic shock patients: Resu
• Dewitte, A., Lepreux, S., Villeneuve, J., Rigothier, C., Combe, C., Ouattara, A., & Ripoche, J. (2017). Blood platelets and sepsis pathophysiology: A new therapeutic prospect in critical ill patients?
• Dugar, S., Choudhary, C., & Duggal, A. (2020). Sepsis and septic shock: Guideline-based management. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 87(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.18143
• Ferrer, R., Martin-Loeches, I., Phillips, G., Osborn, T. M., Townsend, S., Dellinger, R. P., Artigas, A., Schorr, C., & Levy, M. M. (2014). Empiric Antibiotic Treatment Reduces Mortality in Severe Sep
• Florescu, D. F., & Kalil, A. C. (2014). The complex link between influenza and severe sepsis. Virulence, 5(1), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.27103
• Garcia-Alvarez, M., Marik, P., & Bellomo, R. (2014). Sepsis-associated hyperlactatemia. Critical Care, 18(5), 503. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-014-0503-3
• Hamzaoui, O., & Shi, R. (2020). Early norepinephrine use in septic shock. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 12(Suppl 1), S72-S77. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.12.50
• Hariri, G., Joffre, J., Leblanc, G., Bonsey, M., Lavillegrand, J.-R., Urbina, T., Guidet, B., Maury, E., Bakker, J., & Ait-Oufella, H. (2019). Narrative review: Clinical assessment of peripheral tissu
• HealthManagement.org. (n.d.). Radiology Management, ICU Management, Healthcare IT, Cardiology Management, Executive Management. HealthManagement. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://healthmanagement.o
• In Vivo Imaging of Septic Encephalopathy | IntechOpen. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://www.intechopen.com/books/sepsis/in-vivo-imaging-of-septic-encephalopathy
• Jain, S., Benoit, S. R., Skarbinski, J., Bramley, A. M., Finelli, L., & 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Hospitalizations Investigation Team. (2012). Influenza-associated pneumonia among hospita
• Jain, S., Benoit, S. R., Skarbinski, J., Bramley, A. M., Finelli, L., & 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Hospitalizations Investigation Team. (2012). Influenza-associated pneumonia among hospita
• Kaukonen, K.-M., Bailey, M., Pilcher, D., Cooper, D. J., & Bellomo, R. (2015, April 22). Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria in Defining Severe Sepsis (world) [Research-article]. Http://D
• Lactate and lactic acidosis. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://acutecaretesting.org/en/articles/lactate-and-lactic-acidosis
• Levy, M. M., Evans, L. E., & Rhodes, A. (2018a). The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018 update. Intensive Care Medicine, 44(6), 925-928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5085-0
• Liu, V., Escobar, G. J., Greene, J. D., Soule, J., Whippy, A., Angus, D. C., & Iwashyna, T. J. (2014). Hospital deaths in patients with sepsis from 2 independent cohorts. JAMA, 312(1), 90-92. https://
• Lu, H., Wen, D., Wang, X., Gan, L., Du, J., Sun, J., Zeng, L., Jiang, J., & Zhang, A. (2019). Host genetic variants in sepsis risk: A field synopsis and meta-analysis. Critical Care, 23(1). https://do
• Marik, P. E. (2018). Steroids for sepsis: Yes, no or maybe. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 10(Suppl 9), S1070-S1073. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.04.35
• Marik, P. E., & Taeb, A. M. (2017). SIRS, qSOFA and new sepsis definition. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 9(4), 943-945-945. https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/12738
• McGill, F., Heyderman, R. S., Michael, B. D., Defres, S., Beeching, N. J., Borrow, R., Glennie, L., Gaillemin, O., Wyncoll, D., Kaczmarski, E., Nadel, S., Thwaites, G., Cohen, J., Davies, N. W. S., Mi
• McLymont, N., & Glover, G. W. (2016). Scoring systems for the characterization of sepsis and associated outcomes. Annals of Translational Medicine, 4(24). https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2016.12.53
• Meningitis | About Bacterial Meningitis Infection | CDC. (2019, August 6). https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html
• Mok, K., Christian, M. D., Nelson, S., & Burry, L. (2014). Time to Administration of Antibiotics among Inpatients with Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 67(3),
• Novosad, S. A. (2016). Vital Signs: Epidemiology of Sepsis: Prevalence of Health Care Factors and Opportunities for Prevention. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65. https://doi.org/10.1558
• Nutrition in Sepsis: A Bench-to-Bedside Review. (n.d.-a). Retrieved May 3, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071318/
• Paoli, C. J., Reynolds, M. A., Sinha, M., Gitlin, M., & Crouser, E. (2018). Epidemiology and Costs of Sepsis in the United States-An Analysis Based on Timing of Diagnosis and Severity Level*. Critical
• Patel, J., & Taneja, A. (2016). Tempering Sepsis-induced Hyperbilirubinemia: Implications for Short- and Long-Term Outcomes. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193(10), 1183-1
• Porat, A., & Kesler, S. (2020). Urosepsis. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482344/
• Poston, J. T., & Koyner, J. L. (2019). Sepsis associated acute kidney injury. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 364, k4891. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4891
• Products-Data Briefs-Number 62-June 2011. (2019, June 10). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db62.htm
• Ramirez, J. A., Wiemken, T. L., Peyrani, P., Arnold, F. W., Kelley, R., Mattingly, W. A., Nakamatsu, R., Pena, S., Guinn, B. E., Furmanek, S. P., Persaud, A. K., Raghuram, A., Fernandez, F., Beavin, L
• Respiratory Wiki. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://respwiki.com/Main_Page
• Rhodes, A., Evans, L. E., Alhazzani, W., Levy, M. M., Antonelli, M., Ferrer, R., Kumar, A., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Nunnally, M. E., Rochwerg, B., Rubenfeld, G. D., Angus, D. C., Annane, D.,
• Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E., & Tomlanovich, M. (2001). Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. New
• Scala, R., Schultz, M., Bos, L. D. J., & Artigas, A. (2018). New Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines: Back to the art of medicine. European Respiratory Journal, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1183/1399300
• Semler, M. W., Self, W. H., Wanderer, J. P., Ehrenfeld, J. M., Wang, L., Byrne, D. W., Stollings, J. L., Kumar, A. B., Hughes, C. G., Hernandez, A., Guillamondegui, O. D., May, A. K., Weavind, L., Cas
• Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score. (n.d.). MDCalc. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://www.mdcalc.com/sequential-organ-failure-assessment-sofa-score
• Seymour, C. W., Liu, V. X., Iwashyna, T. J., Brunkhorst, F. M., Rea, T. D., Scherag, A., Rubenfeld, G., Kahn, J. M., Shankar-Hari, M., Singer, M., Deutschman, C. S., Escobar, G. J., & Angus, D. C. (20
• Shujaat, A., & Bajwa, A. A. (2012). Optimization of Preload in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock [Review Article]. Critical Care Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/761051
• Simmons, J., & Pittet, J.-F. (2015). The Coagulopathy of Acute Sepsis. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 28(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000163
• Singer, M., Deutschman, C. S., Seymour, C. W., Shankar-Hari, M., Annane, D., Bauer, M., Bellomo, R., Bernard, G. R., Chiche, J.-D., Coopersmith, C. M., Hotchkiss, R. S., Levy, M. M., Marshall, J. C.,
• Spapen, H. D., Jacobs, R., & Honoré, P. M. (2017). Sepsis-induced multi-organ dysfunction syndrome-A mechanistic approach. Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, 1(10), Article 10. https://d
• Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Okuda, J., Kurazumi, T., Suhara, T., Ueda, T., Nagata, H., & Morisaki, H. (2017). Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and β-adrenergic blockade therapy for sepsis. Journal of In
• Torio, C. M., & Moore, B. J. (2006). National Inpatient Hospital Costs: The Most Expensive Conditions by Payer, 2013: Statistical Brief #204. In Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statisti
• Wilson, J. X., & Young, G. B. (2003). Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Evolving concepts. 12.
• Wise, M. E., Scott, R. D., Baggs, J. M., Edwards, J. R., Ellingson, K. D., Fridkin, S. K., McDonald, L. C., & Jernigan, J. A. (2013). National Estimates of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infectio
• Zhai, R., Sheu, C. C., Su, L., Gong, M. N., Tejera, P., Chen, F., Wang, Z., Convery, M. P., Thompson, B. T., & Christiani, D. C. (2009). Serum bilirubin levels on ICU admission are associated with ARD

Course Objectives

• Define sepsis and its cause.
• Understand the importance of early detection.
• Recognize the signs and symptom of sepsis.
• Understand how to prevent and treat sepsis.
• Understand its health impact on the community.

Course References